Basil
Obtained
from: Leaves E.O. Color: Clear Note:
Top/Middle
Botanical
Name: Ocimum basilicum
(Sweet basil)
Basil
(Ocimum basilicum) is in the mint (Lamiaceae
AKA Labiatae) family of plants. Basil is also known as Common Basil, European
Basil, Exotic Basil, French Basil, Sweet Basil, True Basil and Tropical Basil.
Basil
is a common culinary herb in Africa, Asia and India. The essential oil of basil
comes from Australia, France, Hungary, Madagascar, Morocco, Spain and the
United States.
Basil
is
believed to have been brought to ancient Greece by Alexander the Great. In
fact, basil’s genus name, Ocimum originates
from the Greek word, “osme”, meaning “to smell”. In ancient Egypt, it was common
to bury a wreath made of basil leaves with the mummified body. Today, Egyptian graves
are adorned with scattered basil leaves to honor a loved one. In biblical
times, it is said that where St. Helen found the true cross of Jesus, a basil plant
sprung up upon her arrival. Hildegard of Bingen treated mute people and high
fevers with basil. In the 1500’s powdered leaves of basil were inhaled, much
like snuff to try to alleviate headaches and cold symptoms.
Basil
is
an energizing oil, so use sparingly in the early morning or daytime hours. The
chemical constituents of basil can vary GREATLY. Look for a basil essential oil
that contains a LOW amount of Methyl Chavicol (Estagole), since this plant
chemical is a suspected carcinogen. Look for a HIGH amount of Linalool, such as
Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum). Basil
oil with a HIGH amount of Linalool has a very pleasant and sweet anise/licorice
aroma compared to one with a low amount of Linalool. The nose knows!
Basil
is
divided into the following chemotypes (CT): Sweet basil, Camphor, Eugenol,
Methyl cinnamate, and Reunion. FYI: A chemotype is one species of one plant,
such as Basil (basilicum is one species of basil) that can have completely
different chemical constituents from another species of basil.
Uses:
Energizing,
invigorating, anti-bacterial, antiviral, expectorant, insect bites, muscle
relaxant, motion sickness, fainting restorative, headaches, a natural nerve tonic,
antidepressant.
Indications: bronchitis,
colds, coughs, flatulence, gout, muscle aches and pains, acne.
Contraindications: Since
basil can become overwhelming and over stimulating quickly, basil essential oil
should not be used during pregnancy, during breast feeding, during menstrual
bleeding, nor on children or infants.
Safety
Information: Use basil with CAUTION. Robert Tisserand
and Gary Young recommend a dermal (skin) maximum dilution of 1.5% if Estragoles
content DOES NOT exceed 0.8%. High doses of basil containing high amounts of
Eugenol may also be CARCINOGENIC.
Blend
with: Bergamot, Cedarwood, Clary Sage, Coriander, Cypress, Fennel,
Geranium, Ginger, Grapefruit, Hyssop, Jasmine, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Lime, Niaouli,
Oak moss, Orange, Palmarosa, Pine, Rosemary, Sage, Tea Tree, Thyme, Linalool.
Holy
Basil
Obtained
from: Flowers / Leaves / Buds E.O.
Color: Pale yellow Note: Top
Botanical
Name: Ocimum sanctum
/ Ocimum gratissimum / Ocimum tenuiflorum
Holy
Basil is also known as Tulsi
essential oil. Holy Basil is the basil that is used almost exclusively in India
for Ayurveda practices and religious ceremonies. The aroma of Holy Basil wafts
somewhere between traditional basil and clove oil, giving it a very memorable
aroma. Chemically, Holy Basil contains a substantial amount of Eugenole, the
same chemical that gives clove oil it’s characteristic enticing aroma. Because
Holy Basil contains a large percentage of Eugenol, it must be used sparingly. Both
Robert Tisserand and Gary Young recommend a 1% maximum dilution. High doses of
Eugenol may be carcinogenic.
Holy
Basil (Ocimum sanctum)
is a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae).
Uses:
Energizing, stimulating, respiratory, focus enhancer, sacred healing herb of
India.
Indications:
Medicinal
and spiritual properties. Uses similar to Basil Linalool (Ocimum basilicum CT Linalool).
Contraindications: Should
NOT be used on clients on blood thinners or aspirin since Holy Basil oil may
inhibit blood clotting due to Eugenol. Nor should it be used on clients with hemophilia,
menstruating women or anyone with a blood disorder involving a weakened
clotting factor.
Safety
Information: Robert Tisserand and Gary Young both agree
not to exceed a 1% dilution. The European Union (EU) recommends a maximum
(dilution) concentration for dermal use of 0.07%. My recommendation is to use
Holy Basil for inhalation only. The IFRA (International Fragrance Association),
based out of Geneva Switzerland (ifraorg.org) recommends a dermal maximum of
0.05%.
BERGAMOT
Obtained
from: Citrus peel / rind E.O.
Color: Pale gold / green Note:
Top
Botanical
Name(s): Cistus bergamia
Family:
Rutaceae
The legend of Earl
Grey Tea began with the British Aristocrat, The Earl Charles Grey in the
early 1800’s. Charles Grey (1764 – 1845) was Prime Minister of England from 1830
– 1834. It is thought The Earl
introduced a black tea from China, mixed with oil of Bergamot that
graced London’s best drawing rooms. Once
Queen Victoria tasted his tea, it spread across England and soon became
England’s famous Earl Grey Tea.
Bergamot
was named after the Italian City of Bergamo, where the oil of the fruit was first
expeller pressed. Bergamot has a light and fruit aroma, similar to an orange. Bergamot
fruit is edible. It is found in the confectionary “Turkish Delight”. Bergamot
is used to make marmalade. Regarding aromatherapy, approximately 1/3 of all
men’s cologne and ½ of all perfume contains the essential oil of Bergamot. Bergamot seems to be calming and uplifting
at the same time.
Indications:
Skin
care, such as acne, cold sores, eczema, itching, insect bites, oily complexion,
psoriasis, etc. FYI: Traditionally,
the juice of the Bergamot fruit was
used to treat malaria.
Contraindications:
Bergamot
is highly phototoxic due to the chemical, Bergaptene. DO NOT use
bergamot with exposure to sun or UV rays.
Blends with: Clary sage, Chamomile, Coriander, Cypress, Frankincense (Olibanum), Geranium, Helichrysum, Jasmine, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Mandarin, Neroli, Nutmeg, Orange, Rosemary, Sandalwood, Vetiver, Ylang-Ylang. © The Aromatherapy Factory
Cedarwood
Obtained
from: Wood E. O. Color: Yellow – Amber Note: Base
Botanical
Name: Cedrus atlantica (Atlas
Cedarwood) and Juniperus virginiana
(Virginian Cedarwood)
Cedarwood
essential
oil comes from the shavings of the cedarwood tree. Legend has it that cedarwood
was the very first oil to be extracted and the first oil to be distilled. Cedarwood
essential oil smells just like a newly installed cedar closet or the inside of
a cedarwood trunk. Cedarwood, by nature is insect resistant.
Cedarwood
trees are native to the Atlas
Mountains of Algeria and Morocco. The Atlas cedarwood tree can top 150 feet
tall. Cedarwood oil from the tree is thick and golden yellow.
Historically, Cedarwood was used as part of the
Egyptian mummification process. It was also used to build Solomon’s temple in
Jerusalem. Tibetans have used cedarwood as a sacred and spiritual oil for
centuries. Today, cedarwood is useful in making trunks, lining clothes closets
and creating masculine smelling essential oil blends.
Atlas Cedarwood has a rich and warm aroma with
a medium to strong, sweet and woody note. Atlas cedarwood has a slightly sharper aroma than
Virginian cedarwood.
Virginian Cedarwood has a sharp, fresh and woody
aroma and reminds your nose and memory of a cedar lined closet.
Uses:
Acne,
arthritis, bronchitis, cough, dermatitis, expectorant, insect repellant, lymphatic
stimulant, overall sedative, stress reliever, wound healer.
Indications:
Respiratory
congestion, anxiety, eczema, oily skin, acne, poor concentration, cellulite
reducer, lymphatic stimulator.
Contraindications:
Atlas
cedarwood is a non-irritating and non-sensitizing essential oil. It should not
be used during pregnancy and while breast feeding.
Blend with: Bergamot, Clary Sage, Cypress, Frankincense, Juniper, Ylang-ylang.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
CYPRESS
Obtained from: Leaves / twigs E.O. Color: Clear to pale yellow-green Note: Middle
Botanical Name(s): Cupressus
sempervirens Family: Cupressaceae
Notes: Stronger
astringent than witch hazel, so good for oily skin. Cypress trees are
indigenous
to
most Mediterranean countries. In his 1633 “Herbal”,
John Gerard stated "an extract of
cypress cones were
used to heal ulcers and for cleaning and drying moist wounds."
Cypress was also
used as an expectorant and to alleviate spasmodic coughing of
whooping cough.
The resin was placed in hot water and inhaled for lungs. Traditionally
used for diarrhea,
hemorrhoids, uterine problems, menopause and to reduce fevers. Treated
by infusion in
water or tincture of leaves and cones. Keep in mind that essential oils will
not
necessarily
possess the same properties in water based essential oil extracts.
Uses: *Diffuse
for emotional uplifting or to calm anxiety.
*Inhalation in hot water is
excellent for lung ailments.
*Use in massage, especially if
someone has a bronchial / lung ailment.
*Wonderful to help alleviate
swelling around joints or varicose veins.
*Cypress
may help decongest veins and lymph vessels.
*Good for blemished or oily skin,
focus and mental concentration.
Blend with: Bergamot, Cedarwood, Clary Sage, Eucalyptus,
Frankincense (Olibanum), Geranium,
Juniper,
Lavender, Lemon, Marjoram, Orange, Pine, Roman Chamomile, Rosemary, Sandalwood.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
EUCALYPTUS
Obtained from: Leaves E.O. Color: Clear and yellows with age Note: Top
Botanical Name(s): Eucalyptus
globulus AKA (Blue Gum). Family: Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus
globulus
(Blue
Gum) is the most common and strongest species of eucalyptus. E. globulus has a very high eucalyptol (1.8
cineol) chemical content. E. globulus
must be re-distilled due to the isovalraldehyde content which can initiate a
strong cough reflex. Not to be used on children under ten (10) years old, as
per Robert Tisserand and Gary Young. Eucalyptus is in the myrtle family
(Myrtaceae).
Eucalyptus
polybrachtea AKA (Blue Mallee). Very strong 1.8 cineole
content. Low aldehyde content.
Eucalyptuc
citriodora AKA (Lemon Eucalyptus). Comes from China.
Mild with a lemony aroma. Good for use on children due to its mild aroma and
its chemical constituents.
Eucalyptus
dives AKA (Peppermint Eucalyptus). Very strong
with a high piperitone chemical content, which makes this smell like mint. Not
to be used on children or pregnant mothers. May be used with hypertension.
Eucalyptus
radiata – The mildest yet
most effective eucalyptus available. Low in irritating aldehydes and high in
eucalyptol make this an aromatherapist’s eucalyptus oil of choice. Diffuse, inhale
or use in a humidifier.
Notes: More than 700
species of Eucalyptus exist, but only a few hundred are grown for commercial
use.
Several
varieties with a high cineol content are used to produce the oil which is sold
as E.
globulus. The trees
are
indigenous to Australia and Tasmania, but are now grown around the world. China
exports volumes
of
eucalyptus oil. It is a common ingredient in cough drops and over-the-counter
cold remedies.
It
is thought that Australian aboriginals knew the therapeutic properties of the different
kinds of Eucalyptus
and
used them in their medicines for thousands of years.
Uses: *Add 1 or 2 drops to a carrier oil for
chest and back rubs to relieve respiratory conditions.
Not ideal for general body
massage by itself.
*Inhale
on a cotton ball or tissue for relief of respiratory conditions.
*Diffuse
1 or 2 drops of E. radiata or E. polybrachtea in a humidifier or
simmer in a pot of water.
Indications: Respiratory
conditions, hypertension, muscular aches and pains, joints, sprains
/ strains, acne.
Contraindications: KEEP
OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN: Ingestion
has been known to cause death
in children
and adults. Must not be applied to or near the nostrils of infants because of the
risk of choking, due to the fast cooling effects on the respiratory
system. Some skin irritation has been reported
when used neat.
Blend with: Basil, Cypress,
Fir, Frankincense, Geranium, Grapefruit, German Chamomile, Helichrysum, Hyssop,
Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Myrrh, Myrtle, Peppermint, Rosemary, Tea Tree and
Thyme.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
Fennel
Obtained from: seeds (steam distilled) E.O.
Color: clear, faint yellow Note: Top / Middle
Botanical Name: Foeniculum
vulgare
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a flowering plant in the parsley/carrot
family (Apiaceae AKA Umbelliferae). The seeds of the fennel plant are steam
distilled to yield a sweet, fresh and clean anise-like aroma. Fennel leaves
appear similar to the dill plant. Fennel is indigenous to the Mediterranean but
grows in Australia, Egypt, Europe, Japan, India, North America and Spain. In
Australia, fennel is an invasive species and considered a weed. Worldwide,
India has the highest production of fennel.
Fennel is an ancient plant that’s been
used for everything from warding off evil spirits in Medieval times when hung
over doorways, to chewing fennel seeds to inspire strength and stamina in Greek
Olympic athletes while training. Ancient Romans ate fennel seeds to help with
digestion, halitosis and sleeplessness. In modern times, fennel seeds are
widely used in culinary and the seeds are still chewed today to avoid gastritis
and aid digestion.
Uses: Fennel is a minimal diuretic and
lymphatic decongestant. May be useful with menstrual cramping and PMS. Fennel
is known to encourage healing regarding inflammatory conditions, digestion and
tumoral activity. Fennel may promote milk production (fennel contains
phyto-estrogens) in lactating females. Fennel can be a skin irritant, so use
sparingly.
Indications: Cellulite, arthritis, bruises, digestive
problems, flatulence, lymphatic congestion, nausea, water retention.
Contraindications: Fennel should NOT be used on
persons with estrogen dependent cancers (breast, endometrial, ovarian),
epilepsy/seizure disorders, young children under 5 years of age, pregnant
women. Can be a skin irritant.
Safety Information: Tisserand and Young
indicate that Fennel Oil may interact with medication, and that it may inhibit
blood clotting. They precaution to avoid use of the oil topically if it has
oxidized as skin sensitization is more likely. Their contraindications include
pregnancy, breastfeeding, endometriosis, estrogen-dependent cancers, and
children under 5. Their dermal maximum is 2.5%. Reading Tisserand and Young's
full profile is recommended. [Robert Tisserand and Rodney Young, Essential Oil Safety (Second Edition. United
Kingdom: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2014), 277.]
Blend
with: Angelica, Anise, Basil, Bergamot, Cardamom, Clove,
Coriander, Chamomiles, Caraway, Cypress, Geranium, Ginger, Grapefruit, Lavender,
Lemon, Marjoram, Orange, Peppermint, Rose, Rosemary, Sandalwood, Ylang Ylang.
Fir
Obtained from: Needles E. O. Color:
Mostly clear Note:
Middle
Botanical Name: Aries balsam
Family: Pinaceae (Pine family)
Fir is also referred to as Balsam
Fir or Canadian Fir. The precious essential oil is steam
distilled from the fir needles. Steam distilled fir needles have a moderately
fresh, earthy, sweet and woodsy aroma.
FYI: There is evidence that balsam fir
was referred to as “Liquid gold” or “Gold oil” in Biblical times.
Historians are pondering if the “Gold”, Frankincense and Myrrh brought to the
Christ child was actually Fir, Frankincense and Myrrh. It is also believed that
fir was referred to as “Balm of Gilead”. Fir was also believed to be one
of the precious oils found by Howard Carter in the tomb of King, Tutankhamun in
1922.
Uses: Musculoskeletal,
respiratory ailments, scoliosis, low back pain and sciatica.
Indications:
Arthritis, sore muscles, nerve
tonic, sinus congestion, fatigue, bronchitis, colds, flu.
Contraindications:
Robert Tisserand and Gary Young
recommend avoiding this essential oil if the oil is oxidized. Skin
sensitization is much more likely when using an oxidized oil.
Blend with: Basil, Bergamot,
Birch, Cedarwood, Cypress, Frankincense, Geranium, Hyssop, Lavender, Lemon,
Marjoram, Myrtle, Orange, Peppermint, Pine, Rosemary, Thyme.
FRANKINCENSE
Obtained
from: Tree resin E.O. Color: Light yellow Note: Base
Botanical
Names: Boswellia carteri, Boswellia
sacra
Family
- Burseraceae
Frankincense
AKA Olibanum
(Boswellia sacra or Boswellia carteri) comes from steam
distilling the frankincense tree resin. Frankincense trees can live 300 years! They
are small in stature with abundant narrow leaves and pale pink or white
flowers. Incisions are made into the tree bark and a thick light brown colored
sap oozes from the frankincense tree. Sap is left on the tree for two weeks or
until it whitens before it’s cut off in small pieces and steam distilled. Some
of the best frankincense comes from Oman. Arabia, China, Ethiopia, India, the Middle
East and Somalia also harvest frankincense. The Frankincense Trail (a site in Oman
on the Incense Road) supplies the world with the most coveted frankincense
today. From the 7th century BC to the 2nd century AD, the
Frankincense Trail AKA Incense Trail stretched across the Mediterranean,
through Egypt, into Northern Africa and Arabia and to India.
Frankincense
E.O. has been used for religious rituals and ceremonies for
thousands of years. The ancient Egyptians used its charred gum resin, called
kohl to adorn their eyes, much like mascara. Frankincense was brought to the
Christ child as a gift from the Magi. For centuries frankincense was more
valuable than gold. Today, the Oman culture smoke their homes and clothing daily
by burning frankincense. Avoid using Frankincense if the E.O. has oxidized from
too much light, heat or even oxygen.
Frankincense
is excellent for mature and aging skin, anxiety, scars, stretch marks. Frankincense
tends to relax the central nervous system. Since it’s high in terpenes,
frankincense can stimulate the limbic system in the brain. The limbic system is
responsible for primitive emotions and higher mental functions such as learning
and memory. Frankincense has been used to enhance and deepen prayer and
meditation. It appears to relax and rejuvenate the body, mind and spirit.
Blends with: Basil, Bergamot, Black pepper, Clary sage, Coriander, Cypress, Galbanum, Geranium, Grapefruit, Lavender, Lemon, Mandarin, Neroli, Orange, Palmarosa, Patchouli, Pine, Rose, Sandalwood, Ylang Ylang.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
Geranium
Obtained
from: Flowers/Leaves E. O. Color: Clear – Amber Note: Middle
Botanical Name: Pelargonium graveolens / Pelargonium
roseum
Geranium
is
in the geranium family (Geraniaceae) of plants.
Geranium
is native to South Africa. From there, geranium was exported to
Europe. Most of the essential oil comes from the island of Reunion, off the
coast of Madagascar. Madagascar is an island off the southeast coast of Africa.
Geranium
is
used heavily in the perfume industry and often used in place of rose oil.
Geranium has a very fresh and floral sweetness with a mildly fruity note that
can please even the most discriminating aromatic palate.
Geranium
(Pelargonium graveolens) is also called “Moroccan”
geranium.
Geranium
(Pelargonium roseum) is also called “Rose”
geranium, considered the “Gold Standard” of the geranium species. Rose geranium
has a heavy, rich and rosy sweet aroma. Using one drop in a blend can instantly
conjure up a beautiful Springtime garden aroma.
Uses:
Calming,
uplifting, mind and body balancer, astringent for the skin, insect repellant, cellulite
smoother, inflammation, menopausal symptoms, general tonic, anti-fungal.
Indications: Acne,
cellulitis, dull dry skin, menopause symptoms, oily skin.
Contraindications:
The European Union classifies geranium as a strong skin sensitization oil. Both
Robert Tisserand and Gary Young classify geranium as a ” low risk” skin
sensitization oil.
DO NOT exceed 1.5% maximum dilution for
topical use and DO NOT use on sensitive, irritated or damaged skin. Avoid this
oil during pregnancy and while breast feeding. DO NOT ingest this oil orally,
just as you would not ingest any essential oil. Ingesting geranium oil will cause
a drug interaction with diabetic medication, as well as medications that are
metabolized by CYP2B6 enzymes (cyclophosphamides).
Blend
with: Bergamot, Cedarwood , Citronella, Clary sage, Clove, Cypress,
Fennel, Frankincense, Ginger, Grapefruit, Jasmine, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Lime,
Mandarin, Neroli, Sw
© The Aromatherapy Factory
Ginger
Obtained
from: Root E. O.
Color: Pale yellow Note: Middle /
Base
Botanical Name: Zingiber officinale
Family: Zingiberaceae
Ginger has been used both as a culinary
spice and medicinal root for thousands of years. In Asia, ginger is thought to
stimulate the Yang energy of the heart, lung, kidney, spleen and stomach
meridians. Chinese medicine believes that ginger’s ability to strengthen the
kidney’s yang energy is associated with healing low back pain.
Ginger
was one of the first spices to
travel from Asia to Europe on the famous “Spice Route”. In the 1500’s, Spanish
conquistadors brought ginger root to the West Indies. Today, Jamaican ginger is
considered to be the "Gold Standard" of culinary ginger.
The aroma
of Ginger can vary widely depending on the quality of the ginger root
and the distillation process that makes the essential oil. Ginger has a strong
aroma. Ginger is most famous for its decongesting, energizing, invigorating,
uplifting and warming qualities.
Topically, ginger
is mostly used as an effective digestive aid, for nausea, motion sickness,
muscle pain, arthritis and anesthetic
properties.
Indications:
Arthritis, flatulence, indigestion,
motion sickness, muscle aches and pains, digestive disorders,
nausea, poor circulation, pain.
Contraindications: Robert Tisserand ad Gary Young have
not found any hazards using ginger root essential oil. Ginger root has be
suspected of being phototoxic, but Tisserand and Young have stated, “ Low level
phototoxic effects reported for ginger are not considered significant”. (Opdyke
1974, page 910 – 902).
Blend
with: Bergamot,
Cedarwood, Clove, Coriander, Eucalyptus, Frankincense, Geranium,
Grapefruit, Jasmine, Juniper, Lemon, Lime, Mandarin, Neroli, Orange,
Palmarosa, Patchouli, Rose, Rosewood,
Sandalwood, Vetiver, Ylang-ylang.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
Grapefruit
Obtained
from: Rind
E.O. Color: Pale yellow – yellow Note:
Top
Botanical
Name: Citrus paradisi
Grapefruit is
in the Rutaceae family. The origin of the grapefruit tree remains a mystery,
although many believe it may have come from Asia and was brought to Spain by
Arabian traders in the 1100’s. That was the story of how several other seeds,
such as the pomelo, a larger grapefruit-like citrus traveled across the world.
In fact, the grapefruit is thought to be a hybrid cross between the pomelo tree
and the sweet orange tree. The pomelo fruit was introduced to Captain Shaddick
(Captain of an East India company) in the 1700’s in the West Indies. It was there
the pomelo fruit was called Shaddick fruit. Today, California produces a
considerable amount of grapefruit for the United States.
Grapefruit
essential
oil is cold pressed (cold expression) directly from the grapefruit rind. Both
white and pink grapefruit essential oils are available, although pink
grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) is considered both sweeter and more aromatically pleasing
than the white grapefruit oil. The tangy sweetness is attributed to the
chemical constituent Limonene, which can be as high as 95%.
Grapefruit essential
oil is frequently used in cosmetics, perfume, soaps and as a food flavoring.
Uses: Cooling,
cleansing, decongesting, energizing, stimulating, uplifting, refreshing,
Indications:
May aid in lymphatic decongesting, decongesting oily skin, cellulitis, water
retention, nervous exhaustion, skin toning, mental clarity. May help with
nervous tension, acne, stretch marks.
Contraindications: Grapefruit essential oil is phototoxic. Both Robert Tisserand and Gary Young recommend using no more than a 4% (maximum) dilution to avoid a possible phototoxic reaction. REMEMBER…Citrus oils that have a greater chance to become oxidized. Oxidized essential oils have a greater risk of skin sensitization.
FYI: Grapefruit juice / essential oil interacts with several drugs. Grapefruit may amplify or suppress a medication. The furanocoumarins and flavinoids in grapefruit are responsible for these adverse effects.
PLEASE READ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapefruit%E2%80%93drug_interactions regarding drug overdose or under-dose toxicity regarding grapefruit.
Blends with: Bergamot, Cardamom, Citrus oils, Clary sage, Clove, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Fennel, Frankincense, Fir Needle, Geranium, Ginger, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Neroli, Orange, Palmarosa, Patchouli Peppermint, Rosemary, Ylang-ylang.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
LAVENDER
Lavandula angustifolia
Lavandula hybrida (Lavandin)
Lavandula stoechas
Lavandula latifolia (Spike)
Obtained from: Flowers
E.O. Color:
Clear, pale yellow - green
Note: Middle / Top
Botanical Names: Lavandula
angustifolia (Genus/species)
AKA True/English
Lavender
Lavandula x hybrida (Lavandin) Family: Lamiaceae
Lavandula latifolia (Spike Lavender)
Lavadula stoechas
(French, Spanish or
Topped Lavender). There are at least thirty-nine
(39) species of Lavandula. Lavender is in the (Lamiaceae AKA Labiatae)
family.
FYI: Did you know the
mint family (Lamiaceae) plants all have square stems? Lavender has a square
stem.
Lavender is considered the “Mother of all Essential Oils”
because it has the tendency to balance all body systems. The ancient Romans
loved Lavender and used it frequently to bathe. The word, ‘Lavender’ comes from
the Latin word, ‘lavare’ which means “to bathe” or “to wash”.
Lavender is a sedative by nature, but becomes a stimulant when used
in excess. LMBT’s take note!
In 1910, Rene-Maurice
Gattefosse, a French chemist and perfumist burned both hands during a
laboratory explosion. His hands were covered with a rapidly developing gas
gangrene, most commonly caused by the bacteria, Clostridium perfringens,
found in soil. He used several lavender applications to stop the spread of the
gangrenous sores. After just one lavender rinse, the gasification of tissue
stopped. Gattefosse healed with little scarring. Gattefosse is believed to have
“’coined” the word, ‘Aromatherapy’ in his 1937 publication, Aromatherapie.
Today, Gattefosse is referred to as
the “Father of Aromatherapy”.
FYI: Gas gangrene can
be fatal. It was the cause of many amputations during WWI. Gattefosse and
several medical doctors treated French soldiers with Lavender and other
essential oils for war wounds with much success.
Uses of Lavender: Lavandula angustifolia
is considered the most therapeutic and
sought after lavender. It has been used for centuries
on burns and skin lesions. It is widely used in the perfume industry. It grows
at high altitudes. It has more than 160 chemical constituents. One (1)
drop of Lavender (NOT Lavandin) can be used neat (straight) or diluted in a
carrier oil. Use lavender on the body, diffuse it or make a spritzer using
distilled water. Place dried lavender flowers in a small muslin bag in the
clothes dryer for a hint of lavender. Inhale small amounts of lavender on a
cotton ball to lessen a headache or migraine. Apply one (1) drop of lavender to
each foot or each shoulder to release tension. Apply a warm compress with a few
drops of lavender over sore muscles.
When L. angustifolia (True or
English Lavender) crosses with L. latifolia (Spike lavender), it
creates the hybrid Lavandula x hybrid
or Lavandin. Lavandin is used mostly for industrial soap, detergents and
perfumes. It does not seem to have the same calming properties that L. angustifolia has. Lavandin is NOT to
be used on burns!
Lavandula x hybrida
AKA Lavandin grows at low altitudes. It has sixty chemical
constituents. It has a much stronger camphoraceous note. Lavandin has a strong
aroma of lavender and is used in the dried floral industry.
Lavandula stoechas (French, Spanish or Topped
Lavender) is used in air fresheners and other industrial products, such as
insecticides. Considered an invasive species in parts of Australia and Spain.
This species of lavender has been declared a noxious weed since 1920 in
Victoria, Australia.
Lavender 40/42 is the distillation of four (4) lavender
species: L. angustifolia, L. x hybrida, L. latifolia, and L. stoechas. This blend has 40% Linalool
and 42% linalyl acetate. The aromatic chemicals linalool and linalyl acetate gives this blend a fantastic
aroma! This blend contains Lavandin, so it’s NOT to be used on
burns.
Indications: Anxiety, arthritis, burns, headache, insect
stings and bites, insomnia, migraine, muscle aches and pain, tension and so
much more.
Contraindications: Lavender E.O. is one of the safest oils on earth, however there’s always a small percentage of people that may experience skin irritation. Perform a patch test, diluting lavender in a quality carrier oil.
Blend with: Bergamot, Cedar, Clary Sage, Frankincense
(Olibanum), Geranium, Jasmine, Juniper, Mandarin, Neroli, Peppermint, Rose,
Rosemary, Sandalwood and many other essential oils.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
Lemon
Obtained
from: Citrus rind E.O.
Color: Pale to deep yellow Note:
Top
Botanical Name: Citrus limon
Lemon
is
in the Rutaceae (citrus) family. The very recognizable aroma of lemon oil
smells fresh, uplifting and clean. Limonene (60% – 70%) is the primary chemical
in lemon oil that triggers its classic lemony scent. Lemon myrtle and
lemongrass also have limonene as their primary aromatic chemical constituent. Lemon
essential oil is always an excellent choice when trying to rid a room of
unsavory smells, such as cigarette, cigar, old culinary odors, etc. Just a few
drops of lemon essential oil in a spritzer bottle filled with distilled water
makes a potent massage therapy room deodorizer.
The lemon tree is a small (10 – 20 ft.) evergreen tree
which produces highly aromatic pink and white flowers. It’s not uncommon for
one lemon tree to produce 1000 – 1500 lemons per year!
FYI: Cold
pressed essential oil of lemon is phototoxic. Steam distilled lemon oil is NOT phototoxic.
Uses:
Lemon
oil has been used to help reduce bacteria and viruses in hospitals, medical
clinics and home interiors for centuries. Some of the finest therapeutic grade
lemon oil is used in commercial cleaning products around the world.
Dr. Jean Valnet, M.D., a leader in essential oil
therapy in France states that diffused lemon oil can kill meningococcus bacteria
in fifteen (15) minutes, pneumococcus bacteria within 180 minutes, staphylococcus
aureus in 120 minutes and typhoid bacilli in sixty (60) minutes. A 0.2%
dilution of lemon essential oil can kill diphtheria bacteria in twenty (20) minutes
and can also kill the inactivated form of tuberculosis bacteria.
Indications:
Lemon
oil is a powerful bacterial and viral deactivator, antiseptic, skin astringent
(REMEMBER to used steam distilled lemon oil on the skin), skin spot remover, may
stimulate digestion, may help prevent contagious diseases.
Contraindications:
Both
Robert Tisserand and Gary Young recommend a maximum dermal dilution of 2.0 % for
cold pressed lemon oil to avoid a phototoxic skin reaction. If the cold pressed
or the steam distilled lemon oil has oxidixed, they recommend NOT using it on
skin. Remember that some sensitive skin individuals may have a reaction to both
kinds of lemon oil.
Safety
Information: Lemon oil, especially cold pressed may
cause blotchy brown spots on the skin. DO NOT use cold pressed lemon oil
topically. Use steam distilled lemon oil on skin.
Blend
with: Basil, Bergamot,
Citronella, Clary Sage, Dill, Fennel, Frankincense, Galbanum, Geranium, Hyssop,
Lavender, Neroli, Nutmeg, Orange flower, Peppermint, Rosemary, Violet leaf,
Ylang-ylang.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
LEMONGRASS
Obtained from: Grass-like leaves E.O.
Color: Pale yellow - straw Note:
Top / Middle
Botanical Names: Cymbopogon citratus (West Indian lemongrass) Family:
Gramineae
Cymbopogon flexuosus (East Indian
lemongrass)
Lemongrass is in the family
of grasses, Gramineae, grown in Africa, Asia, India and the West Indies.
Lemongrass
has a fresh and citrus-like aroma that is commonly added to skin care products,
to shampoos for
shine
to the hair and to industrial soaps for its strong lemony aroma. Lemongrass is
quite an effective insect repellent, except for the fact that lemongrass will
attract honey bees. Lemongrass is typically steam distilled.
Lemongrass, also known as Barbed Wire Grass, Fever Grass or Silky Heads is widely used in
traditional medicine in several countries. In Nigeria, lemongrass is used to
treat the common cold, pneumonia and as an antipyretic (anti-fever). In India,
it's used as an anti-tussive (anti-cough), anti-emetic (anti-nausea /
vomiting), antiseptic (anti-microbes) and antirheumatic (anti-rheumatoid
arthritis symptoms).
Lemongrass becomes thicker
as it ages and when "old" can't be relied on for antimicrobial
properties.
Uses: *Use in diffusers for refreshing and
relaxing environment. May help with bacterial
infections of the respiratory tract. Has been
known to relieve mild asthmatic conditions.
*Common in massage oil blends
to help relieve depression or stress.
*Add to carrier oil for
massage treatment to relieve myalgia (muscle pain).
*As an analgesic, dilute
lemongrass in a carrier oil and apply a small amount to affected area.
*Use several drops of lemongrass
in distilled water in a spritzer bottle to deodorize a room.
Contraindications: DILUTE lemongrass due to possible skin
sensitivity / irritation. Avoid using lemongrass
in
children under age two. Lemongrass is a sensitization oil. Perform a patch test
to deter dermal irritation.
.
Blend with: Bergamot, Eucalyptus,
Geranium, Ginger, Grapefruit, Hyssop, Jasmine, Juniper, Lavender,
Mandarin, Olibanum (Frankincense), Pine, Rosemary, Rosewood, Vetiver.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
MARJORAM
Obtained from: Leaves & flowering tops E.O.
Color: Clear to pale yellow Note: Middle
Botanical
Name: Origanum marjorana
(Marjoram), Marjorana hortensis (Sweet
Marjoram)
Marjoram
is in the mint family (Lamiaceae or Labiatae). Marjoram has a warm and spicy
aroma that is popular in cosmetics, perfumes, soaps and aromatherapy blends.
Notes: Greeks and Romans wove crowns out
of marjoram for newlyweds. In Greek mythology, Aphrodite (Goddess of Love)
picked marjoram on Mount Ida to heal the wounds of Enea. Romans called marjoram
the "Herb of Happiness". Greeks
called marjoram the "Joy of the Mountains”.
“Sweet Marjoram” (Marjorana hortensis) is used to make vermouth
and some liqueurs. Marjoram can stimulate the vagus nerve (parasympathetic) and
does not act on the sympathetic nervous system. Marjoram may facilitate drainage
of blood away from bruises. Ideal for muscle soreness.
Historically, marjoram was
used for warming any cold conditions of the body, such as poor peripheral
circulation, and was said to "warm" the emotions.
In
Elizabethan England, single women would anoint themselves with Marjoram oil at
bedtime
to
dream of their future mate.
Uses: *NOT
ideal for a diffuser, but is useful during times of cold and flu season because
it
may reduce the spread of germs and helps ease
head colds.
*Add to massage
carrier oil to help reduce stiff and painful muscle and joint aches.
Seems to help with emotional instability, headaches,
migraines and anxiety.
*Warm compresses can be used
to relieve earaches. Also used for muscle sprains
where swelling and bruising have occurred.
*Use a couple drops of both marjoram
and lavender in a bath as a therapeutic sedative.
Contraindications: Keep away from children and avoid use in the
early stages of pregnancy.
Blend with: Basil, Bergamot, Cedarwood, Chamomile (Roman and German), Clary Sage, Cypress, Eucalyptus (citriodora or radiata), Fennel, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Mandarin, Nutmeg, Olibanum (Frankincense), Orange, Peppermint, Pine, Rosemary, Sage, Tea Tree, Thyme (linalool) and Ylang, Ylang.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
Myrtle
Obtained
from: Leaves E. O. Color: Pale yellow Note: Top / Middle
Botanical:
Myrtus communis / Backhousia citriodora
A.
Myrtle
(Myrtus communis) is in the Myrtle (Myrtaceae) family.
Over the centuries myrtle has been used for religious ceremonies and was even
considered a sign of immortality. Myrtle was used by the Israelites during
their evening Sabbath. In the 1500’s, it is believed that Myrtle was also used in
a lotion called “Angeles Water”.
Myrtle’s
aroma is slightly sweet with a hint of flowers and camphor.
Uses:
Respiratory
conditions, especially children’s chest colds, decongestant, expectorant, meditation
oil, mood enhancer, astringent, possible muscle relaxant and skin conditioner.
Safety Information: Robert TIisserand and Gary
Young both recommend a dermal maximum dilution of 1.9%.
Blend
with: Bergamot, Black Pepper, Cardamon, Cedarwood, Clary
sage, Coriander, Elemi, Eucalyptus, Frankincense, Ho Wood, Hyssop, Jasmine, Lavender,
Lemon, Lemongrass, Melissa, Myrrh, Neroli, Rosemary, Rosewood, Spearmint,
Thyme, Ylang-ylang.
B.
Lemon
Myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) has a sharp and crisp aroma
that’s lemonier than smelling lemon oil.
Safety Information: Robert Tisserand and Gary Young agree that Lemon Myrtle may cause a drug interaction with people using drugs which are metabolized by CYP2B6. They DO NOT recommend topical use of Lemon Myrtle on children under 2 years of age, nor do they recommend Lemon Myrtle for irritated, diseased, damaged or hypersensitive skin. They recommend a maximum dermal dilution of 0.7%. on healthy mature skin.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
ORANGE
Obtained
from: Fruit peel (rind)
E.O.
Color: Straw/yellow, orange/brown/green Note:
Top
Botanical
Names: Citrus sinensis (Sweet orange) Family: Rutaceae
Citrus sinensis (Sweet orange). The most popular orange
essential oil. An effective emotional uplifter.
Sweet
orange may be phototoxic. Inhalation may calm nausea and a nervous stomach.
Dilute with jojoba
oil
may support collagen and work as a skin conditioner. Sweet orange has a greenish
yellow - orange color.
Citrus sinensis (Blood orange). A variety of sweet orange with a tart aroma and red colored fruit. Pale
yellow
– orange E.O. color.
Citrus
aurantium (Bitter orange).
A bitter sweet aroma, similar to grapefruit. Used to help the effects of a head
or chest cold and congestion. Bitter orange is phototoxic. Yellow - orange to
green E.O. color.
Notes: It’s believed that
the orange was brought from India to Arabia
during the 9th century. Sometime during the 11th
century the orange made its way to Spain and Italy. Early in the 13th
century, oranges were cultivated in Palermo and Seville, Italy. Wild bitter
oranges were indigenous to South America and early explorers found extensive
orange plantations throughout Cuba. Christopher Columbus brought the orange to
Florida in 1493.
Here’s a quick way to remember what part of the orange tree your essential oil comes from when you purchase Orange Essential Oil:
a.
Petitgrain – steam distilled
from the orange leaves. E.g. Citrus aurantium var. amara or bigardia.
b.
Neroli – steam distilled
from the orange flowers. It takes 1000 lbs. of orange blossoms to make one (1)
lb. of Neroli essential oil…! The
name “Neroli” is thought to have originated from the French born Italian
princess Anne-Marie de la Tremoille, the Countess of Nerola, who lived in central
Italy.
She was known to use Neroli oil as a
perfume and to enhance the aroma of her bathwater and gloves.
c.
Essence of Orange – the rind is
pressed to expel the orange essential oil. No heat is required.
Uses:
Can
be inhaled or diffused. Remember that certain species of orange essential oil
are phototoxic. To avoid becoming sunburned, do not go out in the sun after the
application of oil of orange. The furanocoumarins
(FCs) present in cold pressed EO’s are the culprits that can cause skin
irritation when exposed to ultraviolet (UV). Steam distilled citrus EO’s
apparently do not cause skin reactions when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
PEPPERMINT
Obtained from: Leaves / flowers E. O.
Color: Clear - pale yellow or pale green Note:
Top
Botanical Name: Mentha piperita
Family:
Lamiaceae AKA…Labiatae
Notes: In Greek mythology, Pluto fell in love with
Mintha, but Pluto’s jealous wife Persephone
crushed
Mintha into the ground. Pluto was unable
to change her back, so he turned Mintha into a
peppermint
plant with a wonderful fragrance. The
Roman author and naturalist Pliny (AD 23 – AD 9)
said,
"The scent of mint awakens the mind and its taste excites the appetite and
the stomach”.
USES: *Diffuse to stimulate the conscious mind and
attention. May relieve mild headaches
caused by fatigue and stress. Aids in respiratory conditions.
*Use very diluted in carrier
massage oils for it can be very aggressive to the skin.
*One drop on a
compress can help cool fresh bruises or relieve pain. One drop
each of lavender and peppermint on a compress
may relieve neuralgia (nerve pain).
Contraindications: KEEP AWAY FROM CHILDREN. Peppermint can cause apnea or
laryngospasm
in children. It is caused by the high menthol content (40%) that is responsible
for
this
reaction in children. Great pain can result if peppermint gets into the eyes or
delicate body
tissues.
Should some peppermint get into the eyes, flush with COLD MILK or a cold
pressed oil,
such
as olive oil. Do not use peppermint when using homeopathic treatments / remedies.
DO
NOT USE PEPPERMINT IN CASES OF CARDIAC FIBRILLATION OR A HISTORY OF SEIZURES.
Blend with: (in small
quantities): Basil, Bergamot, Clove, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Geranium, Ginger,
Grapefruit, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Marjoram, Niaouli, Pine, Ravensara,
Rosemary, Sandalwood, Spearmint, Tea Tree.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
Ravensara
Obtained
from: Leaves
E. O. Color: Clear – pale yellow Note: Top
Botanical
Name: Ravensara aromatica
Family:
Lauraceae (the Laurel family)
A.
Ravensara
should not be confused with Ravintsara.
These are two completely different essential oils. Ravensara comes from the island of Matagascar. Ravensara has been
used in the perfume industry.
Ravensara
has also been referred to as “Clove–Nutmeg”.
Ravensara’s
main
characteristics: The best oil comes from steamed distilled leaves. AVOID steam distilled bark due to
its 90 – 95% Estragole (Methyl chavicol) chemical component. Estragole may be
carcinogenic.
Aroma
is eucalyptus-like, slightly sweet with a hint of fruit.
Uses:
Respiratory
conditions, shingles, mononucleosis, muscle and joint pain, sedative.
Safety Information: Robert Tisserand and Gary
Young recommend a maximum dermal dilution of 0.12 %.
Blend
with: Bay, Bergamot, Black Pepper, Cardamom, Clary sage,
Cypress, Eucalyptus, Frankincense, Geranium, Ginger, Grapefruit, Lavender,
Lemon, Mandarin, Marjoram, Palmarosa, Pine, Rosemary, Sandalwood, Tea tree,
Thyme.
B.
Ravintsara…AKA…Ho Leaf
Wood
Botanical
Name: Cinnamomum camphora
Ravintsara’s
main characteristics: Steam distilled leaves. AVOID using Ravintsara around
the faces of infants and children due to the high 1.8 cineole chemical content.
1.8 cineole can cause CNS (Central Nervous System) and breathing problems in
young children.
Aroma:
Eucalyptus-like
with a “greener” smell along with a mild pepper aroma.
Uses:
Depression,
immune system supporter, influenza, nerve tonic, sedative.
Safety
Information: Ravintsara is NOT to be used on children
under 6 years of age, during pregnancy, during breast feeding, not for cosmetic
use.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
ROMAN
CHAMOMILE
Obtained from: Flowers E.O.
Color: Transparent to bluish-green Note: Middle
Botanical name: Chamaemelum
nobile (Anthemis nobilis) AKA
Roman, English or True Chamomile
Family: (Daisy) Asteraceae AKA Compositae.
R. chamomile has a mild, warm and sweet apple-like aroma.
Notes: Do not confuse Roman Chamomile
with German Chamomile AKA Blue Chamomile
AKA Chamomile Matricaria. German
Chamomile is blue in color due to its high azulene chemical content and
stronger than Roman chamomile.
Ancient
Romans used chamomile E.O. to give them a clear mind and to empower them with
courage for battle. Chamomile has a very ancient reputation for wound healing.
Roman Chamomile is excellent for skin damaged by overexposure to sunlight or
where the skin's natural defenses have been reduced by exposure to irritants such
as detergents or bleaches. Roman Chamomile is one of the safest E.O.’s known to
mankind. Both Roman and German Chamomile are traditionally used for muscle relaxation
and skin conditioning and are native to Southern and Western Europe. German
Chamomile is frequently used in the perfume industry. It has a strong and
earthy aroma.
Uses: *Use
alone or with lavender in a diffuser as an excellent mental relaxant. May
relieve inflamed mucous membranes of the respiratory
tract (German Chamomile).
*Roman Chamomile is a
favorite for nervousness, anxiety and headaches.
*Add chamomile to carrier oils
for massage to help reduce insomnia, nervous indigestion,
skin disorders and rheumatism.
Contraindications: DO NOT USE if allergic to ragweed or
suffer from hay fever. If using German Chamomile, check with your physician due
to a possible reaction to prescribed drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 enzymes. *Drugs
that CYP2D6 metabolizes include: antiarrhythmic, beta blockers, opiates,
neuroleptics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), tricyclic
antidepressants, and a large variety of toxic plants. Common drugs include: Allegra (antihistamine), Amitriptyline (antidepressant), Claritin (antihistamine), Cyclobenzaprine (muscle relaxant), Dytuss (antihistamine), Effector
(antidepressant), Haldol (antipsychotic),
Hydrocodone (opioid pain medication),
Metoprolol (beta blocker), Paxil (antidepressant - SSRI –
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), Prozac
(antidepressant SSRI), Rythmol (antiarrhythmic
drug), Tagamet (treats stomach
disorders), Tamoxifen (prevents some
types of breast cancer), Tusstat (cough
suppressant), Zoloft (antidepressant
SSRI).
Roman
Chamomile Blends with: Clary Sage, Eucalyptus, Galbanum, Geranium,
Grapefruit, Jasmine, Lavender, Lemon, Neroli, Rose, Rosemary.
German
Chamomile Blends with: Bergamot, Clary Sage, Cypress, Frankincense
(Olibanum), Geranium, Grapefruit, Lavender, Lemon, Marjoram, Niaouli, Pine,
Ravensara, Roman Chamomile, Rose, Rosemary,
Tea
Tree.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
ROSE
Obtained
from: Flower petals
E.O. Color: Light yellow –
Deep red Note: Middle
Botanical
Name: Rosa damascena
Family:
Rosaceae
Rosa
damascena also known as Damask Rose has been distilled for centuries for its luxurious
aroma as well as its healing properties
for skin care. Some of the most sought after roses are grown in the “The Valley
of the Roses” in Bulgaria. Turkey also cultivates a very fine quality of rose
oil. Damask rose petals are plucked in the early morning before the morning dew
dries and flower petals are rushed to be processed into Rose Otto, Rose
Absolute or Rose Enfleurage.
Rose
Otto AKA Rose Attar
or Damask Rose is a true steam
distilled essential oil of rose. Rose petals are steam distilled as soon as
they are picked by hand. Rose Otto has a rich and warm rose aroma. Rose Otto is
quite expensive due to the huge number of rose petals required to produce the
oil.
Rose
Absolute is a method of flower essence extraction using a
solvent, such as hexane. In rose absolute, rose flowers are agitated in hexane, which
draws out the aromatic chemical compounds, pigments and waxes. This extract
then undergoes a vacuum process which removes the hexane. What remains is a
waxy mass called a concrete. This concrete is mixed with alcohol which
separates the wax from the aromatic compounds. The alcohol is low-pressure
evaporated and leaves behind an oil called an absolute. The absolute may be
processed further to remove any impurities. Rose absolute has a brown - red
color. Because temperatures are low in this process, Rose Absolute has a
fresher aroma than Rose Otto, which is steam distilled at higher
temperatures.
Rose
Enfleurage was developed in the south of France in the 1700’s in
order to extract precious essential oils from flowers, such as rose, that may
be too fragile to steam distill. Rose enfleurage is a process of placing hundreds
of freshly picked rose petals on a wooden tray, called a chassis (below). A
chassis looks similar to a bee hive honey frame. These trays have a glass
bottom that are smeared with animal fat. Layers upon layers of rose petals are placed
on the animal lard over several days. After three days, the rose petals are completely
absorbed into the animal fat. An alcohol, such as cane sugar alcohol is then added
to the tray. The rose oil gravitates to the alcohol, separating the essential
oil from the animal fat. The end product of this very time consuming process is
called enfleurage. It takes 10,000 lbs. of rose petals to produce one (1) pound
of rose oil.
Uses:
Rose has been used for skin care, meditation, spiritual attunement and as a
nerve tonic through the ages.
Blend with: Bergamot, Chamomile (Roman), Geranium, Jasmine, Lemon, Neroli, Sandalwood, Palmarosa, Petitgrain and most every floral essential oil.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
ROSEMARY
Obtained from: Leaves / flowering tops E.O. Color: Colorless to pale yellow Note:
Middle
Botanical Name(s): Rosmarinus officinalis (a higher camphor
rosemary)
Rosmarinus officinalis var verbenone AKA Rosmarinus officinalis ct. verbenone…a popular LOW camphor rosemary. (ct =
chemotype…Visually
identical plants but VERY different chemically)
Family: Lamiaceae (mint family)
Notes: Rosemary has a sweet and camphoraceous aroma. Rosemary
has been found in the wrappings of mummies. The ancient Egyptians used rosemary
as did the ancient Greeks who used it for its mind stimulating properties. Roman
scholars used to study with headdresses of rosemary around their heads. The
“Rose of Mary” is another name for rosemary. It’s believed that when the Virgin
Mary spread her blue cloak over a rosemary bush that was in bloom with white
flowers, the flowers turned blue. In the Middle Ages, a bride would wear a
crown of rosemary. Her groom would wear a sprig of rosemary on his shirt as a good
luck charm. Rosemary has been thrown into graves to symbolize remembrance.
Rosemary has been reported to enhance memory.
The
name of Rosemary is reputed to mean "dew of the sea". Its natural habitat is on rocky shores where
it is exposed to salt spray from the ocean and is indigenous to the
Mediterranean area. Flowering tops will
produce the best quality oil. Leaves and
soft twigs are often used for commercial production. R. officinalis may contain up to 20% camphor. Camphor may become
neurotoxic at high levels. Robert Tisserand and Gary Young advise not to use
rosemary on or near the face.
USES: *Inhalation
of rosemary vapors from a few drops in hot water is recommended for respiratory
ailments. Be very careful because eye
irritation can occur.
*Excellent in a blend for muscle aches and stiff joints.
Contraindications: Controversy exists over whether or not to use
this oil with pregnancy, epilepsy or high blood pressure. Be on the safe side
and don't use rosemary for these conditions.
Blend with: Basil, Bergamot, Cedarwood, Cinnamon, Citronella, Cypress, Elemi, Eucalyptus globulus, Geranium, Grapefruit, Frankincense, Juniper, Labdanum, Lavender, Lavindin, Lemon, Marjoram, Niaouli, Oregano, Peppermint, Petitgrain, Pine, Ravensara, Sage, Tea Tree, Thyme.
©
The Aromatherapy Factory
Sandalwood
Obtained
from: Wood E.O. Color: Clear to pale yellow Note: Base
Botanical
Name: Santalum album
Sandalwood
was
known as Aloes in ancient times. Traditionally,
sandalwood was burned during meditation and used within many religious ceremonies.
Sandalwood is mentioned in the Bible in John 19:39, Numbers 24:6, Psalms 45:8, Proverbs
7:17, and Song of Solomon 4:14.
Sandalwood
is
in the Santalaceae family, the same family as mistletoe. Sandalwood tree oil comes from the steam distilled shavings from
the heart of the sandalwood trees indigenous to India (Santalum album), Asia and Australia (Santalum spicatum). Sandalwood trees are being over forested in
Asia and India. Currently, Bangladesh, Hawaii, Nepal, The Pacific Islands,
Pakistan and Sri Lanka grow and sell sandalwood trees for essential oil and
commercial use.
Sandalwood
has
a warm, sweet and soothing aroma that can calm the most nervous patient.
FYI:
The
Chinese use sandalwood oil for all digestive health problems and skin
conditions.
Indications: Acne,
antidepressant, bronchitis, depression, dry skin, insomnia, meditation, nervous
tension, night sweats, sedation, general skin care, stress reducer, stretch marks.
Contraindications:
Although
considered rare, according to Robert Tisserand and Gary Young, sandalwood oil may
cause skin reactions in sensitive individuals. They recommend a maximum
dilution of 2%.
Blend with: Benzoin, Bergamot, Black Pepper, Clary Sage, Clove, Fennel, Frankincense, Geranium, Grapefruit, Jasmine, Lavender, Lemon, Myrrh, Neroli, Orange, Palmarosa, Patchouli, Pettigrain, Roman Chamomile, Rose, Vetiver, Ylang-ylang.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
SPEARMINT
Obtained
from: Leaves
E.O. Color: Clear to pale yellow Note: Top
Botanical
Name: Mentha spicata Family: Lamiaceae AKA
Labiatae
Vintage
Names: Garden Mint, Green
Mint, Lamb’s Mint, Our Lady’s Mint, Sage of Bethlehem
Spearmint is
native to the Mediterranean. Spearmint essential oil has a much softer aroma
that peppermint. Spearmint is a great alternative to the sharpness of
peppermint since spearmint E.O. contains only 0.4% – 0.5% menthol, compared to
peppermint which contains 40% menthol. I prefer spearmint over peppermint E.O.
for headaches because spearmint has a gentler aroma that does not seem to
irritate the eyes. Spearmint is cool and refreshing to muscles and skin. Washington,
Idaho & Oregon supply the United States with over 80% of our country’s
spearmint oil. These states also supply over 50% of spearmint oil to the world!
FYI:
Did
you know that Hildegarde von Bingen
(circa 1098 – 1179), a German Benedictine abbess and holistic healer used
essential oils regularly to help her fellow nuns and village heal from various
maladies? She approached healing through the use of herbal tinctures (herbal
extracts taken by mouth), plant oils and precious stones. She believed that all
things put on Earth are for the use of humans. One of Hildegard’s most favorite
plants to use for healing was Spearmint.
FYI:
Ancient
Greeks and Egyptians used spearmint to therapeutically soak themselves in a
warm bath.
Uses
of Spearmint: Spearmint essential oil can be made into a
spritzer (use distilled water) for a soothing spray on muscles or skin. Try a
few drops of essential oil of spearmint in a warm bath. Try placing a cool wash
cloth with a couple of drops of spearmint (drop spearmint on top of wash cloth,
not on the side that touches the eyes) over the forehead or the back of lower head
/ upper neck area for a splendid and cooling self-care treatment. Spearmint is
wonderful (wafted under the nose) to help relieve nausea, nervousness and digestive
complaints.
Contraindications:
Spearmint
is generally regarded as a safe essential oil. Always perform a Patch Test first on the wrist or
forearm to make sure your skin is accepting to spearmint or any new essential
oil.
Blend with: Basil, Clary Sage, Eucalyptus, Jasmine, Lavender, Marjoram, Rosemary, Tea Tree (Melaleuca) and many other essential oils.
© The Aromatherapy Factory
Tea
Tree (Melaleuca)
Obtained
from: Leaves E.
O. Color: Clear – faint yellow Note: Middle
Botanical
Name: Melaleuca
alternifolia / Melaleuca
ericifolia (Rosalina)
Tea Tree oil is part of
the Myrtle (Myrtaceae) of plants. The vast majority of tea trees grow in Australia. Tea trees also grow
in India and New Zealand. The name, “Tea Tree” comes from herbal tea prepared
from the leaves of the tea tree, many centuries ago. Australian aborigines have
been using tea tree leaves and blossoms to make tea, preparations for headaches
and respiratory conditions for hundreds of years. During World War II,
Australian soldiers were given flasks of tea tree oil to help prevent skin
infections as well as to repel insects.
Tea Tree is related to both Melaleuca quinquenervia (niaouli) and Melaleuca leucadendron (cajeput).
The aroma
of tea tree is medicinal. To some it is an acquired smell. tea tree oil smells
earthy, medicinal and woody to most “aromatic palates”. If you cannot tolerate
the aroma of tea tree oil, try manuka oil. (www.livingnature.com).
Tea Tree oil is a strong essential oil, so make
a (1.5%) dilution in a healthy cold pressed carrier oil. NEVER apply tea tree
oil undiluted (neat) to skin. DO NOT USE ON BURNS!
Uses:
Analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, may help regulate
hypertension, immune system supporter, immuno-stimulant, nerve tonic, respiratory
conditions.
Indications:
Acne,
athlete’s foot, boils, cold sores, colds, insect bites, headaches, oily skin,
pressure ulcers, warts, minor wounds.
Contraindications:
DO NOT use on burns. Always
dilute tea tree oil to
a (maximum) 1.5% dilution.
Blend
with: Clary sage, Eucalyptus, Lavender, Lemon, Marjoram, Pine,
Rosemary, Thyme.
Melaleuca ericifolia (Rosalina) is
a newer utilized and researched species of tea tree oil and comes from New
South Wales, Australia. This is a mild form of tea tree essential oil; hence it
is the tea tree oil of choice for children. This oil is one of a handful of
favorite healing oils used by Dr. Penoel, M.D. of France. This oil seems to
“target” children’s ears, nose and throat conditions.
Melaleuca ericifolia (Rosalina) is high in Linalool, so it can be sedative, soothing to nerves and the aroma can be tolerated better than Melaleuca alternifolia.
© The Aromatherapy Factory